A Critical analysis of risk management at financial institutions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 951 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Financial institutions exist to improve the efficiency of the financial markets. If savers and investors, buyers and sellers, could locate each other efficiently, purchase any and all assets costless, and make their decisions with freely available perfect information, then financial institutions would have little scope for replacing or mediating direct transactions. However, this is not the real world. It seems appropriate to begin the discussion of the place of risk and risk management in the financial sector with the two key issues, viz., why risk matters and what approaches can be taken to mitigate the risks that are an integral part of the sectors product array. Understanding these two issues leads to a greater appreciation of the nature of the challenge facing managers in the financial community. Specifically, it explains why managers wish to reduce risk, and approaches taken to mitigate something that is an inherent part of the financial services offered by these firms. According to standard economic theory, firm managers ought to maximize expected profits without regard to the variability of reported earnings. However, there is now a growing literature on the reasons for managerial concern over the volatility of financial performance, dating back at least to 1984. Alternative theories and explanations have been offered to justify active risk management, with a recent review of the literature presenting four distinct rationales. These include: (i) Managerial self-interest (ii) Tax effects (iii) The cost of financial distress (iv) Capital market imperfections In each case, the volatility of profit leads to a lower value to at least some of the firms stakeholders. In the first case, it is noted that managers have limited ability to diversify their investment in their own firm, due to limited wealth and the concentration of human capital returns in the firm they manage. This fosters risk aversion and a preferenc e for stability. In the second case, it is noted that, with progressive tax schedules, the expected tax burden is reduced by reduced volatility in reported taxable income. The third and fourth explanations focus on the fact that a decline in profitability has a more than proportional impact on the firms fortunes. Financial distress is costly and the cost of external financing increases rapidly when firm viability is in question. Any one of these reasons is sufficient to motivate management to concern itself with risk and embark upon a careful assessment of both the level of risk associated with any financial product and potential risk mitigation techniques. Accepting the notion that the volatility of performance has some negative impact on the value of the firm leads managers to consider risk mitigation strategies. There are three generic types: (i) Risks can be eliminated or avoided by simple business practices, (ii) Risks can be transferred to other participants, and, (iii) Risks can be actively managed at the firm level. The importance of managing credit risk for banks is enormous. Banks and other financial institutions are often associated with risks that are facing particularly financial. These institutions must balance the risks and returns. Consumers have a basis for a large bank that has credit products that are quite reasonable. However, when low interest rates on bank loans and also suffer losses. In terms of equity, agt; Reserve Bank must have a significant amount of capital for him, but not too much that is non-investment income and not too little, which leads to financial instability and the risk of non-compliance. Management of credit risk, the financial terms, refers to the process of risk assessment, which comes in a plant. The risk is often investing and capital allocation. Risks must be assessed in order to develop an informed investment decision. Similarly, the assessment of risk in coming to, risks and rewards of the as sets is essential. Banks are increasingly faced with risks. There are some risks in the process of granting loans to certain customers. There may be more risk if the loan is extended to worthy borrowers. Some risks may occur even if banks offer securities and other investments. The risk of losses that is in default by the debtor a kind of risk that is expected. Because of banks exposure to many risks, it is only reasonable bank, hold significant amount of solvency capital to protect and preserve for its economic stability. The second Basel Accord provides statements of its rules for the regulation of the Bank in relation to the level of risk the bank is exposed to the allocation of capital. The larger the bank is exposed to the risks, the greater the amount of capital is required if comes to its reserves to maintain the solvency and stability maintained. To determine the risks that come with investment and lending practices, banks must assess the risks. Credit Risk Management must therefore play its role of banks in accordance with Basel II and other regulatory authorities. Management and risk assessment for banks, it is important to ensure monitoring of the estimate, the conduct and performance evaluations of the lead bank. But because banks in the practices of credit and investment, it is important to make evaluations of credit and to ask questions and analyze portfolios. Loan reviews and portfolio analysis are crucial in determining the risks of lending and investment. The complexity and the emergence of various securities and derivatives is a factor that banks must be active to take risks. The management system of credit risk used by many banks today, the complexity, however, there may in assessment of risks through the analysis of aid Loans and determine the likelihood of errors and risk of loss. Credit Risk Management for banks is a very useful, especially if the risks are consistent with the survival of banks in business. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Critical analysis of risk management at financial institutions" essay for you Create order

Making A Business Decision For Any Ceo Essay - 1130 Words

Making a business decision for any CEO is easy, the main principle is to keep the shareholders happy by generating more revenue. The more money a company earns the more attractive it looks to the potential investor. Now, from history, we have learned that every CEO is not created equal and some use bad business practices to earn more revenue. So, laws were created to set guidelines, companies started to use risk assessment to see if a decision would lead to any legal recourse that would make them a liability, or put them in fault. Not until I took this class did I not realize that there is no one law for every decision that must be made in a business. Thus, the need for ethical decision making. Ethics is described as a normative, because is rely on our reasoning of how we should act. How we think we should act is heavily influenced by our morals and personal integrity. Norms are normal behaviors but what may be normal or what my values are may be different from yours. Therefore, in business, it is important to create good ethical values as set standards. Not only does this create personal responsibly but also aware of social responsibly. This way if someone had to make a decision because they understand the values their reasoning should be ethical. Reasoning can be practical which deals with what we should do and theoretical dealing with what we believe we should do. Making decisions can be hard, so there is an ethical decision-making process you can follow. We mayShow MoreRelatedEssay Successful CEO Strategies966 Words   |  4 PagesSuccessful CEO Strategies Being a CEO is proven to be much more difficult than trying to become one. Over the last few months we have been examining the reasons behind the successes and failures of some great CEO practitioners. It seems that, despite the different managerial styles, great CEOs employ some common techniques. The following pages contain the goldenRead MoreNotes On Past Management Approach1153 Words   |  5 Pagesnew society and world of business. The way the world keeps changing from year to year is the reasoning for the different approaches to management systems. Research has shown a big change in just three years and still continues today, by becoming experts to working in teams and focus on putting their clients with great service. The CEO would also, come to each SunTrust Bank to stay in touch with team member on how to connect with clients. Team members were pushed in making more sales to promote a profitableRead MoreI Will Debate My Middle1379 Words   |  6 Pagestraded firms, CEOs ar e agents of the shareholder, and by virtue of them being in that role, their primary fiduciary responsibility is to watch the interest of the shareholders and maximize the returns to the shareholders. 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The Emergence of Yellow Power - 2159 Words

The common perspective of the civil rights movement is often seen from one angle: and that is the African American civil rights movement towards racial equality. And though this movement had significant historical context in American history, the pursuits of other minorities such as the Asian American civil rights movement are often undermined and overlooked. Yet, the Asian American movement surpassed the efforts of the African American movement despite the social and cultural obstacles faced with integrating into a new society. Through intrinsic cultural unity and the influences of the African American civil rights movement, the Asian American civil rights movement achieved more success than the African American civil rights movement†¦show more content†¦The Asian American civil rights movement was set into motion and challenged Asian stereotypes and promoted equal rights as Asian Americans took charge. Since then, African and Asian Americans moved together in the pursu it for racial equality in similar pacing. Therefore, to fight for racial equality and combat bigotry, African Americans formed the NAACP as the Japanese Americans formed the JACL--similar organization both against racial discrimination and to assist its members in rising up in society. These councils significantly impacted the United States as they promoted the causes for social equality and influenced similar organizations all over the United States. Essentially as a catalyst for the civil rights movement, such organizations played a major role in gaining the voice of the people and created unification of citizens reluctant to voice their opinions in a white dominated country. For example, a similar council was created known as the Jackson Street Community Council, which promoted business, social groups, and public services. 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It’s evident that film is a type of mass media that ha s a certifiable amount of power to influence audience’s views, yet this platform constantly disregards the need for diversity in favor of stereotypes. Movies such as Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961), Scarface (1983), and Pan (2015) are all guilty of this. The depiction of non-American

I Am Grateful For My Family - 821 Words

The kitchen is congested with cumin, pepper, and bitter leaf. If you start chuckling, singing, or communicating in any way you will choke because spice particles compose most of the air now. This is my living room three times a week when my mom doesn’t go to work the night before. It’s how my family functions. My family has caused me to live my life immersed in culture. From helping my mom cook our dinner of Jallof rice to attending fundraisers until early dawn to produce money for building primary schools in the motherland. I am grateful for my family because it is from them that I have developed an early interest in culture, and now I will carry that interest with me well after my education years. And although I can say I have gained a lot from my family. They have limited me in life for too long. Often because of preformed notions or ideals my parents had, they would not allow me to explore an interest I had. And other times I had to pursue an interest only meagerly because of my obligation to watch my siblings or to take them to their practices. My parents have also expected me to follow in the footsteps of my older sister. As a middle child I am expected to be indecisive and wavering and not ever really being defined, but for the first time in my life I feel I can define myself. As a crimson. I am able to feel hope in my future because of Harvard University. At Harvard my new family, won’t limit me because of ancient values, or by my year of birth, or by anything. AtShow MoreRelatedReflection Of My Gratitude Diary1055 Words   |  5 Pagesthinking of many things I am grateful for. I felt good journaling because I usually journal about ideas and plans I want to achieve, but never have written about the stuff I am grateful for in life. I noticed that I was only taking pictures of material possessions rather than looking at other important things like being able to hear. Being able to see. 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Thirty percent of you are thinking about the marital status of theRead MoreThe Bio Ecological Systems Theory1487 Words   |  6 PagesI grew up into a family with two parents, and two older brothers. I have always been really close to my grandparents, aunts, and uncles, as well as cousins. Family is everything to us. The way I was brought up, has had a bigger impact on my life than I ever thought. When thinking about my life in context with the bio ecological systems theory it really opened my eyes to different aspects of my life, and events that have happened that have shaped my life and made me into the person I am today. When

A Living Organization Changes With Time. Some Parts Of It May Remain I Essay Example For Students

A Living Organization Changes With Time. Some Parts Of It May Remain I Essay dentical to that which was first constructed. Most parts will adapt to changes in the world, in society, and in mankind itself. If it does not change, it withers and dies. Organizations which fail to adapt to changes, whether they like it or not, tend to become shrunken relics of their original selves. They become mummified images of a once living creation. Such an organization is the Ku Klux Klan, better known as the KKK. The Ku Klux Klan is one of the most hateful groups that still exists today. They are not as strong as they once were, but still pose a threat. I believe that the KKK should have never been formed because of the pain and increased racial tension that it has caused in our society today. The origin of the Ku Klux Klan was a carefully guarded secret for years, although there were many theories to explain its beginnings. One popular belief held that the Ku Klux Klan was originally a secret order of Chinese opium smugglers. Another claimed that it began by Confederate prisoners during the war. No matter what people thought it was, its formation is still the blame for the deaths of many innocent blacks in the South. In fact the beginning of the Klan involved nothing so sinister, subversive or ancient as the theories supposed. It was the boredom of small-town life that led six young Confederate veterans to gather around a fireplace on one December evening in 1865 and form a social club. The place was Pulaski, Tennessee, near the Alabama border. When they reassembled a week later, the six men were full of ideas for their new society. It would be a secret, to heighten amusement, and the titles for the various officers were to have names as ridiculous sounding as possible, partly for the fun of it and partly to avoid any military or political implications. Ahuja 2Soon after the founders named the Klan, they decided show off a bit. They disguised themselves in sheets and galloped their horses through the quiet streets of little Pulaski, Tennessee. Their ride created such a stir that the men decided to adopt the sheets as the official costume of the Ku Klux Klan, and they added to the effect by making grotesque masks and tall pointed hats. The founders also performed elaborate initiation ceremonies for new members. Their ceremony was similar to the hazing popular in college fraternities, in which consisted of blindfolding the candidate, subject him to a series of silly oaths and rough handling, and finally bringing him before a royal altar where he was to be invested with royal crown. The altar turned out to be a mirror and the crown two large donkeys ears. Ridiculous as though it sounds today, that was the high point of the earliest activities of the Ku Klux Klan. Had that been all there was to the Ku Klux Klan, it probably would have disappeared as quietly as it was born. But at some point in early 1866, it enlarged with new members from nearby towns, and began to have a chilling effect on local blacks. The intimidating night rides were soon the centerpiece of the hooded order: bands of white-sheeted ghouls paid late night visits to black homes, telling the terrified occupants to behave themselves and threatening more visits if they failed to behave. It didnt take long for the threats to be converted into violence against blacks, whom insisted on exercising their new rights and freedom. Before its six founders realized what had happened, the Ku Klux Klan had become something they may not have originally intended a deadly uncontrollable organization. American Involvement In The Cuban Revolution EssayIf the Ku Klux Klan was never formed, there wouldnt be as much racial tension as there is today. The KKK took many innocent lives and caused many families to suffer many white men who were helping the blacks gain social status. This hateful group never took the time to try to work or socialize with blacks, but rather tried to exile them. The bare facts about the birth of the Ku Klux Klan and its rebirth half a century later, are still baffling to most people today. Little more than a year after it was founded, the secret society thundered its way across the war-torn South, sabotaging Reconstruction governments and imposed a reign of terror and violence that lasted three to four years. And then as rapidly as it had spread, the Klan faded into the history books. After World War I a new version of the Klan sputtered to life and brought many parts of the nation under its paralyzing grip of racism and bloodshed. Then, having grown to be a major force for the second time, the Klan again receded into the background. This time it never quite disappeared, but it never again obtained such widespread support. While the menace of the KKK has peaked and waned over the years, it has never vanished. I am sorry to say that the KKK is still around today. It may not be strong as it use to, but there are still a couple of idiots that believe that the blacks should still beAhuja 6 slaves. It saddens me to see people, whom speak out against blacks, but never take the time to get to know any of them. I dont know how they can still have clan rallies, like the one in Memphis that just creates more racial tension. It may be a constitutional right, but there should be some exceptions. I live in the small town of Holly Springs, Mississippi, where the black population is far greater than the whites, and have received a KKK invitation letter in my very own yard. I still cant believe that they are even around today. Even in our University, there is vandalism that is racially motivated. When will people learn not to hate?I am happy to see that there are not any places that I know of that still segregate agai nst blacks. Black people have come a far way and have fought hard to gain the social status that they have today. It is hard for me to realize that the University only allowed admissions to blacks in the 1960s, but I am proud to see that Ole Miss has finally voted in its first black president. The KKK built up racial tension and it will take the students to tone it down. The only way to get rid of it is to talk about it.

Port and Terminal Management Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Port and Terminal Management. Answer: Introduction There are four major port management models that are used in the world namely; landlord port, public service port, private service port and tool port. In the landlord port, the port waters, land, channel and infrastructure are owned by the state. There are opportunities for private firms to rent the port lands (Wang, 2014). The private organizations in Singapore rent the port land to build warehouses that are used to store cargo. The major advantage of landlord port is that the state can utilize resources by balancing their investment. Through the balance of investments, the returns on investments increase (Cimpeanu, 2017). The demerit of this management model is that support services are restricted. Just like in the landlord port, in the public service port, the government has ownership of all the port land, channel, water, and infrastructure. However, in the public service port, the infrastructure in the port is built by the government. The company running the port is state owned. There is a shortcoming with the public service port in that innovation is not encouraged since the private investors are discouraged. The completive advantage of the Port of Singapore in the South East Asia When carriers are making a choice on which ports to use, there are several factors that should be considered (Cimpeanu, Devine, OBrien, 2016). These factors include; the service quality, efficiency of the port, costs, industrial relations that are made by the other businesses and the government, the availability of facilities used in the port and the ease of accessing modes of transport. A comparison between the ports of Singapore and ports in South Asia such as Tanjung Pelepas can be made to bring out the differences that form grounds for competition. The comparison indicates that both the port of Singapore and Port of Tanjung Pelepas offer quality services. Their customer service systems are advanced in that documentation can be handled electronically as stated by Graham (2013). Also, there is guaranteed security for cargo and containers that are stored in the port. The efficiency in the port of Singapore is improved compared to ports in South Asia. In the private service port, the Singapore State permits the investors to carry out their activities freely in the port as long as they work within the jurisdictions of the port operations. For instance, the private and government organizations are allowed to rent the port facilities, an aspect that promote both public and private participation in ensuring the port services meet the required operation standards (Graham, 2013). There are support services initiated by both private and state-owned organizations which include; towing and pilot. Since the government has no direct influence on private service ports, the development of port is flexible and much profitable despite the stiff competition the port of Singapore is facing with other ports such as the Port of Klang and South East Asia in the South East Asian containerbusiness. Some ports like the Port of Tanjung Pelepas and the port of Malaysia have a great problem with their efficiency and productivity. However, a comparative study shows that the port of Singapore has enough and effective facilities necessary for the port service activities and processes (Zhang, Laurenzano, Mars, Tang, 2014). The transport network in the port of Singapore is much developed than other ports such as those of South Asian ports. It is because Singapore uses a frequency with numerous direct calls meant for specific destinations as eluded by (Merkert, 2015). In fact some years ago the ports of Malaysia were not able to handle their export and import goods. It led to about two-thirds of Malaysian traffic trespassing through Singapore port. The port of Singapore has shown fewer efforts to encourage relations with businesses and the government. On the other hand, there is the remarkable effort made by the port management who have gone ahead to even providing berths. The port of S ingapore also has affordable services since there is a corresponding reduced cost of operation, land, and labor. With these remarks, Singapore though limited in some factors stands a better position than other ports in South Asia (Hidalgo, 2017). The container ports face several challenges that range from security problems to inadequate airport facilities. These challenges may either be operational or in the management. The port is known to be affected by different forms of pollution and especially air pollution due to the emission of the gas carbon dioxide (Wang, 2014). This problem has proved hard to be managed. However, the strategies adopted by the management in managing these challenges make the Port of Singapore more competitive.For instance, Wong (2016) denotes that the port management ensures the staff is trained to understand essential management components and policies such as environmental conservation, fuel policy, cargo and container hazards, and inflation among other factors that directly or indirectly affect port operation processes. Conclusion Singapore is also considered a top-class world city to live, play, and work. It is globally connected, cosmopolitan, and multi-cultural city-state that offers a conducive environment to create or promote knowledge-driven industry. As a result, the Port of Singapore has managed to attune to a high level of performance though port business protection, innovation, and intervention. With the city leading as the top provider of different services such as trade and finance, treasury operations, insurance, maritime and finance, and wealth and asset management, among other competitive advantages. The city is as well known for quality, productivity, enforcement of policy rights, integrity, and reliability. Singapore is also known to be the least corrupt nation in Asia. These advantages make it easy for investors to focus on business within the ports of the republic, an aspect that has promoted the growth and establishment of the Port of Singapore. References Cimpeanu, R., Devine, M. T., OBrien, C. (2017). A simulation model for the management and expansion of Singapore extended port terminal operations.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,98, 105-131. Storage and Logistics. (2010).Chemical Week,172(7), s25-s29. Wong, S. C. (2016). 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